The 1994-1996 Network Television Affiliation Mess
Garrett Wollman
On our Boston-Radio-Interest mailing-list, contributor Joe Ross asked about the affiliation swap between WBZ-TV and WHDH-TV in the mid-1990s. Scott wrote:
WBZ went to CBS as part of a CBS/Westinghouse alliance that was announced in the spring of 1994. By the time of the affiliation swap on 1/2/95, that alliance had evolved into the all-out purchase of CBS by Westinghouse.
I then filled in some of the background:
And, of course, that was all triggered by Fox's affiliation deal with (and later purchase of) New World Communications, which sent Detroit's WJBK, Phoenix's KSAZ, and Tampa's WTVT from CBS to Fox, which left the other three networks bargaining with Scripps for affiliations in those markets. The result was a deal that kept ABC on WXYZ, moved WCPO in Cincinnati from CBS to ABC, put ABC on Scripps's former indie KNXV in Phoenix and former Fox WFTS in Tampa, and (most important for this discussion) took ABC away from Group W's WJZ-TV in Baltimore in favor of Scripps's WMAR (formerly NBC). Westinghouse was then left with two CBS affiliates (KDKA-TV and KPIX-TV) and two NBC affiliates (WBZ-TV and KYW-TV). They decided that they wanted a chainwide deal, too, and ended up affiliating all five stations with CBS. (IIRC, there was some conflict with another deal that NBC was doing—maybe with Hearst?—that ultimately put them out of the running.)
This then left CBS with a problem: they had to find a buyer for WCAU-TV so they could affiliate with KYW-TV. Eventually they did a deal—which I think was reported at the time as the first direct sale of a TV station between two of the Big Three networks—to sell WCAU and Miami's WCIX to NBC in exchange for cash, KCNC in Denver, KUTV in Salt Lake City, and WTVJ in Miami. Denver's old CBS affiliate, KMGH, took the ABC affiliation (previously on KUSA) as a result of another chainwide deal between ABC and McGraw-Hill, with NBC ending up on Gannett's KUSA. The McGraw-Hill deal also moved KERO in Bakersfield from CBS to ABC, moving CBS to Fisher's KBAK, the former ABC affiliate.
The original Fox–New World deal resulted in changes in other markets, including Atlanta (which sent CBS from New World's WAGA to Tribune's WGNX, now WGCL and owned by Meredith), St. Louis (ABC from New World's KTVI to Sinclair's KDNL, the former Fox affiliate), Milwaukee (CBS from New World's WITI to Weigel's WDJT, with Sinclair's former Fox WCGV going to UPN), the Piedmont Triad (ABC from New World's WGHP to WNRW, now WXLV and owned by Sinclair), and Kansas City (NBC from New World's WDAF to Scripps's KSHB).
Fox has since sold a number of the New World stations—including Milwaukee, Greensboro, and Kansas City—to Randy Michaels' Local TV LLC. (A small irony here is that the Greensboro and Kansas City stations had belonged to Taft Broadcasting, later known as Citicasters, where Michaels had cut his teeth in the 1970s, before being sold to New World.) Local TV merged with Tribune in 2013.
I hope that makes it all clear.
Summary
Here's a table summarizing the changes:
Market | Station | Owner Then | Owner on 2013-12-28 |
From Net |
To Net |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Atlanta | WAGA-TV 5 | New World | Fox | CBS | Fox |
WATL 36 | Fox | Gannett (ex-Tribune) | Fox | The WB (now My) |
|
WGNX 46 (now WGCL-TV) |
Tribune | Meredith | Ind. | CBS | |
Austin | KTBC 7 | New World | Fox | CBS | Fox |
KBVO 42 (now KEYE-TV) |
Granite | Sinclair (ex-Four Points, ex-CBS) | Fox | CBS | |
Bakersfield | KERO-TV 23 | McGraw-Hill | Scripps (ex-McGraw-Hill) | CBS | ABC |
KBAK-TV 29 | Ind. | Sinclair (ex-Fisher) | ABC | CBS | |
Baltimore | WMAR-TV 2 | Scripps | Scripps | NBC | ABC |
WBAL-TV 11 | Hearst | Hearst | CBS | NBC | |
WJZ-TV 13 | Westinghouse | CBS | ABC | CBS | |
Birmingham | WBRC 6 | Citicasters | Raycom (ex-Local TV, ex-Fox) | ABC | Fox |
WVTM-TV 13 | New World | Media General (ex-NBC) | NBC | NBC | |
WTTO 21 | Abry | Sinclair (assignment pending to Deerfield Media) | Fox | The WB (now CW) |
|
WCFT-TV 33 | Service | Allbritton (sale pending to Sinclair) | CBS | ABC | |
WJSU-TV 40 | Flagship | Allbritton (sale pending to Sinclair) | CBS | ABC | |
WBMG 42 (now WIAT) |
Park | LIN (ex-New Vision, ex-Media General) | CBS | CBS | |
W58CK 58 (now WBMA-LD) |
? | Allbritton (sale pending to Sinclair) | ? | ABC | |
Boston | WBZ-TV 4 | Westinghouse | CBS | NBC | CBS |
WHDH-TV 7 | Sunbeam | Sunbeam | CBS | NBC | |
Cincinnati | WCPO-TV 9 | Scripps | Scripps | CBS | ABC |
WKRC-TV 12 | Citicasters | Sinclair (ex-Newport) | ABC | CBS | |
Cleveland | WEWS-TV 5 | Scripps | Scripps | ABC | ABC |
WJW 8 | New World | Tribune (ex-Local TV, ex-Fox) | CBS | Fox | |
WOIO 19 | Malrite | Raycom | Fox | CBS | |
Dallas-Fort Worth | KDFW 4 | New World | Fox | CBS | Fox |
KTVT 11 | Gaylord | CBS | The WB | CBS | |
KDAF 33 | Fox | Tribune | Fox | The WB (now CW) |
|
Denver | KCNC-TV 4 | NBC | CBS | NBC | CBS |
KMGH-TV 7 | McGraw-Hill | Scripps (ex-McGraw-Hill) | CBS | ABC | |
KUSA 9 | Gannett | Gannett | ABC | NBC | |
Detroit | WJBK 2 | New World | Fox | CBS | Fox |
WXYZ-TV 7 | Scripps | Scripps | ABC | ABC | |
WGPR-TV 62 (now WWJ-TV) |
Ind. | CBS | Ind. | CBS | |
Kansas City | WDAF-TV 4 | New World | Tribune (ex-Local TV, ex-Fox) | NBC | Fox |
KSHB-TV 41 | Scripps | Scripps | Fox | NBC | |
Miami | WTVJ 4 (now WFOR) |
NBC | CBS | NBC | CBS |
WCIX 6 (now WTVJ) |
CBS | NBC Universal | CBS | NBC | |
Milwaukee | WITI 6 | New World | Tribune (ex-Local TV, ex-Fox) | CBS | Fox |
WCGV-TV 24 | Abry | Sinclair | Fox | UPN (now My) |
|
WDJT-TV 58 | Weigel | Weigel | Ind. | CBS | |
New Orleans | WVUE 8 (now WVUE-DT) | Ind. | New Orleans Saints (ex-Emmis, ex-Fox) | ABC | Fox |
WGNO 26 | Tribune | Tribune | The WB | ABC | |
WNOL 38 | Qwest | Tribune | Fox | The WB (now CW) |
|
Philadelphia | KYW-TV 3 | Westinghouse | CBS | NBC | CBS |
WCAU 10 | CBS | NBC Universal | CBS | NBC | |
Phoenix | KTVK 3 | Ind. | Sander Media (ex-Belo) | ABC | Ind. |
KPHO-TV 5 | Meredith | Meredith | Ind. | CBS | |
KTSP-TV 10 (now KSAZ-TV) |
New World | Fox | CBS | Fox | |
KNXV-TV 15 | Scripps | Scripps | Ind. | ABC | |
Piedmont Triad | WGHP 8 | Citicasters | Tribune (ex-Local TV, ex-Fox) | ABC | Fox |
WNRW 45 (now WXLV-TV) |
Abry | Sinclair | Fox | ABC | |
St. Louis | KTVI 2 | New World | Tribune (ex-Local TV, ex-Fox) | ABC | Fox |
KDNL-TV 30 | Ind. | Sinclair | Fox | ABC | |
Salt Lake City | KUTV 2 | NBC (88%) | Sinclair (ex-Four Points, ex-CBS) | NBC | CBS |
KSL-TV 5 | Bonneville | Bonneville | CBS | NBC | |
Seattle | KIRO-TV 7 | Bonneville | Cox (ex-Belo) | CBS | UPN, then CBS |
KSTW 11 | Gaylord | CBS (ex-Cox) | Ind. | CBS, then UPN (now CW) |
|
Tampa | WTSP 10 | Citicasters | Gannett | ABC | CBS |
WTVT 13 | New World | Fox | CBS | Fox | |
WFTS-TV 28 | Scripps | Scripps | Fox | ABC |